利用PHP实现二叉树的图形显示

/** * author:Meng * time:2017/10/19 * description: 绘制二叉树图像 */ class image { //树相关设置 //每层之间的间隔高度 private $level_high = 100; //最底层叶子结点之间的宽度 private $leaf_width = 50; //结点圆的半径 private $rad = 20; //根节点离边框顶端距离 private $leave = 20; //树(保存树对象的引用) private $tree; //树的层数 private $level; //完全二叉树中最底层叶子结点数量(计算图像宽度时用到,论如何实现图片大小自适应) private $maxCount; //图像相关设置 //画布宽度 private $width; //画布高度 private $height; //画布背景颜色(RGB) private $bg = array( 220, 220, 220 ); //节点颜色(搜索二叉树和平衡二叉树时用) private $nodeColor = array( 255, 192, 203 ); //图像句柄 private $image; /** * 构造函数,类属性初始化 * @param $tree 传递一个树的对象 * @return null */ public function __construct($tree) { $this->tree = $tree; $this->level = $this->getLevel(); $this->maxCount = $this->GetMaxCount($this->level); $this->width = ($this->rad * 2 * $this->maxCount) + $this->maxCount * $this->leaf_width; $this->height = $this->level * ($this->rad * 2) + $this->level_high * ($this->level - 1) + $this->leave; //1.创建画布 $this->image = imagecreatetruecolor($this->width, $this->height); //新建一个真彩色图像,默认背景是黑色 //填充背景色 $bgcolor = imagecolorallocate($this->image, $this->bg[0], $this->bg[1], $this->bg[2]); imagefill($this->image, 0, 0, $bgcolor); } /** * 返回传进来的树对象对应的完全二叉树中最底层叶子结点数量 * @param $level 树的层数 * @return 结点数量 */ function GetMaxCount($level) { return pow(2, $level - 1); } /** * 获取树对象的层数 * @param null * @return 树的层数 */ function getLevel() { return $this->tree->Depth(); } /** * 显示二叉树图像 * @param null * @return null */ public function show() { $this->draw($this->tree->root, 1, 0, 0); header("Content-type:image/png"); imagepng($this->image); imagedestroy($this->image); } /** * (递归)画出二叉树的树状结构 * @param $root,根节点(树或子树) $i,该根节点所处的层 $p_x,父节点的x坐标 $p_y,父节点的y坐标 * @return null */ private function draw($root, $i, $p_x, $p_y) { if ($i <= $this->level) { //当前节点的y坐标 $root_y = $i * $this->rad + ($i - 1) * $this->level_high; //当前节点的x坐标 if (!is_null($parent = $root->parent)) { if ($root == $parent->left) { $root_x = $p_x - $this->width / (pow(2, $i)); } else { $root_x = $p_x + $this->width / (pow(2, $i)); } } else { //根节点 $root_x = (1 / 2) * $this->width; $root_y += $this->leave; } //画结点(确定所画节点的类型(平衡、红黑、排序)和方法) $method = 'draw' . get_class($this->tree) . 'Node'; $this->$method($root_x, $root_y, $root); //将当前节点和父节点连线(黑色线) $black = imagecolorallocate($this->image, 0, 0, 0); if (!is_null($parent = $root->parent)) { imageline($this->image, $p_x, $p_y, $root_x, $root_y, $black); } //画左子节点 if (!is_null($root->left)) { $this->draw($root->left, $i + 1, $root_x, $root_y); } //画右子节点 if (!is_null($root->right)) { $this->draw($root->right, $i + 1, $root_x, $root_y); } } } /** * 画搜索二叉树结点 * @param $x,当前节点的x坐标 $y,当前节点的y坐标 $node,当前节点的引用 * @return null */ private function drawBstNode($x, $y, $node) { //节点圆的线颜色 $black = imagecolorallocate($this->image, 0, 0, 0); $nodeColor = imagecolorallocate($this->image, $this->nodeColor[0], $this->nodeColor[1], $this->nodeColor[2]); //画节点圆 imageellipse($this->image, $x, $y, $this->rad * 2, $this->rad * 2, $black); //节点圆颜色填充 imagefill($this->image, $x, $y, $nodeColor); //节点对应的数字 imagestring($this->image, 4, $x, $y, $node->key, $black); } /** * 画平衡二叉树结点 * @param $x,当前节点的x坐标 $y,当前节点的y坐标 $node,当前节点的引用 * @return null */ private function drawAvlNode($x, $y, $node) { $black = imagecolorallocate($this->image, 0, 0, 0); $nodeColor = imagecolorallocate($this->image, $this->nodeColor[0], $this->nodeColor[1], $this->nodeColor[2]); imageellipse($this->image, $x, $y, $this->rad * 2, $this->rad * 2, $black); imagefill($this->image, $x, $y, $nodeColor); imagestring($this->image, 4, $x, $y, $node->key . '(' . $node->bf . ')', $black); } /** * 画红黑树结点 * @param $x,当前节点的x坐标 $y,当前节点的y坐标 $node,当前节点的引用 * @return null */ private function drawRbtNode($x, $y, $node) { $black = imagecolorallocate($this->image, 0, 0, 0); $gray = imagecolorallocate($this->image, 180, 180, 180); $pink = imagecolorallocate($this->image, 255, 192, 203); imageellipse($this->image, $x, $y, $this->rad * 2, $this->rad * 2, $black); if ($node->IsRed == TRUE) { imagefill($this->image, $x, $y, $pink); } else { imagefill($this->image, $x, $y, $gray); } imagestring($this->image, 4, $x, $y, $node->key, $black); } } 客户端调用 class Client{ public static function Main() { try { //实现文件的自动加载 function autoload($class) { include strtolower($class) . '.php'; } spl_autoload_register('autoload'); $arr = array(62, 88, 58, 47, 35, 73, 51, 99, 37, 93); $tree = new Bst(); //搜索二叉树 // $tree = new Avl(); //平衡二叉树 //$tree = new Rbt(); //红黑树 $tree->init($arr); //树的初始化 // $tree->Delete(62); // $tree->Insert(100); // $tree->MidOrder(); //树的中序遍历(这也是调试的一个手段,看看数字是否从小到大排序) $image = new image($tree); $image->show(); //显示图像 } catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); } } } Client::Main(); 注:这里用到的那三个树的类大家可以参照我的另外三篇博客:[《PHP二叉树(一):二叉搜索树》](http://www.web3.xin/index/article/308.html "《PHP二叉树(一):二叉搜索树》")、[《PHP二叉树(二):平衡二叉树(AVL)》](http://www.web3.xin/index/article/310.html "《PHP二叉树(二):平衡二叉树(AVL)》")、[《PHP二叉树(三):红黑树》](http://www.web3.xin/index/article/311.html "《PHP二叉树(三):红黑树》")
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